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The following articles have been authored by Dr. David L. Boccagna. They are made available to interested readers for their own edification. They can be reproduced and used for educational purposes only with explicit permission in writing by the author.


  1.     "...and so, what is money?"   PDF   HTML
A concise historical description of money, its earliest uses and present day applications.

  2.     Manipulation of the ICC/UCP400   PDF   HTML
How clever dishonest businessmen manipulated the ICC/UCP400, outside the banking system to their own advantage.

  3.     Basic Understanding of Standby Letters of Credit 18   PDF   HTML
A definitional and descriptive view of how Standby Letters of Credit are intended to protect the beneficiary.

  4.     Debunking the Portfolio of a Fraudster   PDF   HTML
An expose' of how fraudsters convincingly defraud their potential victims; their technique and the aura of mystique they create to fool their potential investor.

  5.     Somewhere Along the Line   PDF   HTML
A typical scenario of the fraudster as he ensnares his victims.

  6.     The Many Faces of Ponzi   PDF   HTML
How Charles Ponzi developed his original technique and a typical Ponzi scheme that will alert and awaken you to understanding a common Ponzi scheme…how it is embroidered and why it is enticing.

  7.     The Deception of Perception   PDF   HTML
How fraudsters cloud your perception and deceive you.

  8.     Predator: How an Italian Thug Looted MGM, brought Credit Lyonnais to its Knees, and Made the Pope Cry.   PDF   HTML
How banks were manipulated from the inside by unscrupulous bankers to the tune of US$1.3 billion…and how two thugs actually succeeded for a short time with their clever scheme and team of dishonest bankers.


The articles are available in both Adobe Acrobat PDF file format and HTML format.   If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat reader, you can download it for free here or by clicking on the image below.
You can also save the files for future reference by Right-Clicking on the PDF or HTML links and selecting "Save Target As...".